Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e. V. (FOSTA)
Forschungsvereinigung Schiffbau und Meerestechnik e.V. (FSM)
Gesellschaft für Chemische Technik und Biotechnologie e.V. (DECHEMA)
Dr.-Ing. Michél Hauer, Dr.-Ing. Stefan Schmidt, Dr.-Ing. Andreas Gericke, M.Sc. Nicco Stroetmann, M.Sc. Leonhard Sattler, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Wilko Flügge
Fraunhofer-Institut für Großstrukturen in der Produktionstechnik IGP
Das IGF-Vorhaben 39 LBR der Forschungsvereinigung Stahlanwendung e.V. (FOSTA) wurde im Rahmen des Programms Industrielle Gemeinschaftsforschung (IGF) vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie aufgrund eines Beschlusses des deutschen Bundestages gefördert.
Der Bericht kann bei der FOSTA (FOSTA-Berichte – Matplus Shop) oder beim FSM (info(at)fsm-net.org) bestellt werden.
Kurzzusammenfassung
Wind power-to-gas concepts have great potential to sustainably cover the increasing demand for green hydrogen as an energy source and raw material. In the past, it has been shown that there is an enormous level of energy overproduction, which currently remains unused due to the shutdown of wind power plants. This is due to the emerging market and therefore a lack of experience in transporting large quantities of liquid hydrogen (LH2). Current tank designs are based on standard applications for storage and transportation on land with vacuum-insulated, double-walled constructions made of austenitic stainless steel, which have comparatively high thermal diffusivity and conductivity as well as increased weight. This currently reduces efficiency due to the increased boil-off and the unfavorable gravimetric storage density. New tank concepts are therefore required for the maritime production and transportation of LH2. In order to meet these requirements, the focus initially shifted to special fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) steel hybrid tank concepts, which guarantee high mass-specific strength and increased protection against corrosion and have been established in space travel. In the course of the project, questions relating to interactions with coatings, production, material, temperature resistance and design for commercial use were investigated in particular. Another requirement is the need to increase the insulation effect with regard to boil-off losses. With current double-walled and vacuum-insulated tanks, the boil-off is approx. 2 % of the storage volume per day, which leads to large storage losses and inefficiency in the case of longer storage and transportation times, e.g. over several days. In order to counteract the boil-off and to additionally protect the tank shell from dynamic sloshing forces, thermal barrier coatings (TBC) applied by thermal spraying came into focus due to their high insulating effect and wear resistance. However, the application of TBC was previously limited to use at high temperatures and was extended to the cryogenic temperature range during the project. The investigations concentrated on the validation of standard MCrAlY alloys and innovative ((partly)) amorphous iron-based coatings with regard to mechanical-technological and insulating properties in the low temperature range by varying different spraying processes and parameters. In the course of the project, it was shown that a combination of the two approaches is possible and easy to implement in terms of manufacturing technology. This allowed both the TBC coatings and the fiber windings to be applied in sufficient thickness and in a defined sequence. These successful tests formed the basis for the complete coating, fiber winding and subsequent testing of a small prototype tank.
